![]() Uracil containing nucleoside is called “Uridine” if the sugar is ribose and “deoxy-Uridine” if the sugar is deoxy-ribose.Īs we already know, the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a nucleoside makes it a nucleotide.Thymine containing nucleoside is called “Thymidine” if the sugar is ribose and “deoxy-Thymidine” if the sugar is deoxy-ribose.Cytosine containing nucleoside is called “Cytidine” if the sugar is ribose and “deoxy-Cytidine” if the sugar is deoxy-ribose.If the nucleoside contains a pyrimidine base, it is given a name by adding the “idine” suffix at end of name of the pyrimidine base.Guanine containing nucleoside is called “Guanosine” if the sugar is ribose, and “deoxy-Guanosine” if it contains a deoxy-ribose sugar molecule.Adenine containing nucleoside is called “Adenosine” if the sugar is ribose, and “deoxy-Adenosine” if it contains a deoxy-ribose sugar molecule.If the nucleoside contains a purine base, it is given a name by simply adding an “osine” suffix at the end of the name of base.If a nucleoside contains the deoxy-ribose sugar, the prefix ‘deoxy’ is added before its name.Following rules are considered while giving a name to a nucleoside. If you want to know the entire structure of a nucleotide just from its name, you need to know the method by which a name is given to a nucleotide.Īll the three components of a nucleotide play an important role in deciding its name.įirst of all, the name of nucleoside is decided based on the type of pentose sugar and the nitrogenous base present in it. The next phosphate group is attached to the first phosphate and so on.Ī nucleotide carrying only one phosphate group is called monophosphate nucleotide and so on. The first phosphate group is attached to the fifth carbon of the pentose sugar via an ester bond. Phosphate groups are simply phosphate ions made up of a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms(PO 4 3-). These are the third essential component of a nucleotide. The addition of a phosphate group to a nucleoside makes it nucleotide. One nitrogenous base is attached to the first carbon of a pentose sugar to form a nucleoside. Three purines are important in biological molecules. Pyrimidines contain only one ring made up of both carbon and nitrogen atoms. Two important purines present in nucleotides include: One larger ring is hexagonal while the other smaller ring is pentagonal in structure. Purines have two rings in their structure that are made up of carbon and nitrogen atoms. They are divided into two broad categories based on their structure: Nitrogenous bases are another essential component of nucleotides. These are the nitrogen-containing molecules that act as a base. Ribose sugar has a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom whereas the 2-deoxy ribose has only hydrogen atom at its second carbon.īoth these sugars are present in the form of a ring within a nucleotide. The main difference between these two sugars is the presence or absence of an oxygen atom at the second carbon atom in structure. Two types of pentose sugars could be present in the structure of a nucleotide. All the other components of a nucleotide are attached to the carbon atoms of the pentose sugar. It occupies the central position in the structure of a nucleotide. Pentose SugarĪ pentose sugar is a monosaccharide having five carbon atoms. Let us have some brief discussion on these constituents of nucleotides. Three molecular structures join to form a nucleotide. We will also discuss in detail some nucleotides that perform important functions in our body. In this section, we will discuss different aspects of nucleotides, their structure, location in living bodies, chemical arrangements, and the functions performed by them. These polynucleotides then join to form complex nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Nucleotides join together to form dinucleotides, tri-nucleotides, and so on resulting in the formation of polymers known as polynucleotides. Not only this, but they are also essential for transferring information to new cells or the next generation of the living organisms. They are essential for all the functions performed by a living cell. Nucleotides are the biological molecules that serve as the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. What are the roles of nucleotides in living organisms?.Can nucleotides be used as storage of energy?.What is the difference between nucleoside and nucleotide?.
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